نشریه توانمندسازی کودکان استثنایی
سال هشتم شماره 3 (پاییز 1396)

Aim: Families with type one diabetes children have multiple problems and challenges, such as reduced quality of life and marital satisfaction. The aim of this study was evaluating effectiveness of life quality promotion program on marital satisfaction among parents of diabetic children and children’s glycated hemoglobin.
This research method was in semi- experimental methodology with pre- test, post-test plan with control group. statistical sample was 30 parents and their diabetic children that they were selected using random sampling methods from Tehran Diabetes Association and were randomly assigned in experimental and control groups. Experimental group received quality of life training for 10 sessions in 2 hours. The tool used in this research was Afrooz Marital Satisfaction Scale and child blood test. The data was analyzed by multi variate analysis of covariance using software SPSS.
The results showed average post-test in both experimental and control groups were significantly different. The experimental group mean scores significantly higher than the control group, which indicated a positive impact of the life quality promotion program in marital satisfaction. The highest and lowest amount of effect was related to marital satisfaction (effect size: 74) and free time (effect size: 33). There was no significant difference between mean score of children’s glycated hemoglobin.
Training program on quality of life significantly contributed to raising parental marital satisfaction so to improve the quality of life and marital satisfaction in families of children with diabetes is recommended. However, given the lack of effect of this intervention on child’s blood glucose level, it seems that educational interventions are more effective in this regard.

Aim: The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the Marriage satisfaction and parenting style of the Children with autism spectrum disorder and the normal children.
The present study was objectively practical and information gathering was Causal-comparative. The statistical population included all parents of Children with autism spectrum disorder and the parents of normal children whose children were enrolling in elementary schools in Kermanshah in 2016. Parents of Children with autism spectrum disorder (50 fathers and 50 mothers) were selected through Purposive sampling and Parents of normal children (50 fathers and 50 mothers) were selected by multi-stage random sampling. The research instruments were Afrooz Marriage Satisfaction Scale and Bagheri parent-child relation pattern Inventory.
The results were obtained from multivariate analysis of variance. They showed that there were significant differences between two groups of parents of normal children and parents of children with autism spectrum in all sub-scales of marriage satisfaction and parenting style Except for over indulge and conditional acceptance.
Considering the difference between marriage satisfaction and parenting style in two groups, designing and implementing a parenting style and marriage satisfaction educational program is necessary for young couples to prevent the birth of Children with autism spectrum disorder.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of counting and recognition strategies instruction on the number skill of children at risk of math problems in pre-schoolers.
The research method was a quasi-experimental design with two experimental and control groups with pretest and posttest tests. The statistical population of the study consisted of pre-primary school students aged between 3 and 6 years old, who were trained in kindergartens and preschools in the district of Tehran. The participants were randomly selected from cluster randomly from 4 regions of the region to 90 people and were divided into experimental and control groups (ages 3, 4 and 5 in each group of 15). Of the 3 numerical knowledge tests, the Jordanian sense of number and number recognition were used to identify 90 children at risk for mathematical problems. Experimental groups were subjected to countless counting and number recognition strategies for 4 weeks each week in two 45-minute sessions. The results were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance.
The total value of the Jordan number sense test, and the number recognition was P Training counting and recognition strategies has been very effective in improving the skills number of children with math problems and will play a proactive role in future math disorders. Strategies instruction of counting and number recognizing of the children with math difficulties will have a preventive role in future math disorders.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to Comparison of the effectiveness of interventions of motion games, mental and combination on spatial perception capability of students of low vision.
The present study is a semi-experimental study with three groups. The statistical population of this study was comprised of all 9-12 year-old students of general and exceptional schools in Kermanshah, of these, 30 subjects were randomly selected into three groups of 10 people, with a sharp visibility of between 0.05 and 0.4 diopters. The groups were trained for 8 weeks, 2 sessions per week and 60 minutes each session. To measure the spatial perception of the subjects, the test throwing the ball to the goal and dribbling the ball for 15 seconds was used. Statistical operations using descriptive statistics, T-test, One- Way Anova and LSD post hoc test was performed.
Our data showed that test throwing the ball all three training methods resulted in significant advances in the spatial perception of children. However, the difference observed between the groups was not statistically significant. Test dribbling the ball, the only way to develop the spatial perception were combined training. In addition, between-group comparisons of the significant advantages of this method were compared to the mental and physical practice implications.
findings show in complicated physical activity for children with low vision to growspatial capability is better that used than mental practice combined with physical.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to develop a mathematical strengthening program based on the response pattern of the intervention and its effectiveness on the identification of girls and boys of students with special mathematics disability in the second elementary school of Shiraz.
The research method was combined with a qualitative component of the form of compilation and validation of the mathematical reinforcement training package and a small part of the quasi-experimental type. The population of the study consisted of 60 low-level students in the second-grade elementary schools of Shiraz-based schools in the two district education schools. The sample consisted of 32 students (14 girls and 18 boys) who were screened from among 60 students with disabilities in mathematics by random sampling were chosen. Measurement tools included Iran Kaymat's mathematical test, Raven's intelligence test, and Visual-Growth Test of Gastrosthal. Data were analyzed using covariance analysis and paired mean comparison in two independent groups.
The results showed that the mean of subscales of counting, addition, subtraction, measurement, time and money, geometry, problem solving, interpretation, estimation and rational numbers in the students who responded to intervent on in the first and second stage, respectively, were significantly Increased (p According to the results, the educational package was designed and the designed program was effective in increasing the mathematical skills (application, operations, and concepts), this effect was different in both sexes. Also, education based on an intervention response approach was helpful in identifying students with disabilities in math learning from underdeveloped students.

Aim: This study was aimed to effctiveness of social behaviors training on self-esteem and social skills of adolescents with intellectual disability in Mazandaran province.
In this semi-experimental study with pretest and posttest design with control group, were selected fourty girls adolescents with intellectual disablity of 14-18 years old through multi–stage cluster sampling method. Subjects allocated randomly to two groups (experimental and control) and each group consist of 20 individuals. Experimental group attended in social behaviors training in the 8 sessions lasting for 90 minutes, but control group did not. All the participants were assessed through Cooper Smith’s self-esteem and Matson’s social skills scales. Data were analyzed by MANCOVA test.
there was a significantly increase in the mean scores of self-esteem and subscales (self-esteem of self, social, familly & academic) and also social skills and subscales (appropreate social skills, asocial behaviors, impulsive & aggression, superiority & high self-confident and relation with peers) in adolescents with intellectual disability in experimental and control groups in the post interventional stage (P The results indicated that social behaviors training program lead to improve self-esteem, social skills and their subscules on adolescents with intellectual disability.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluating the effectiveness of Instruction Functional reading texts on Accuracy, speed and reading comprehension of slow paced students with Down syndrome by using Family-based Individualized Education Program approach.
The method of the research is semi-experimental and has taken advantages of pre-test, post-test, and controlled group. The population of the study consisted of all slow-paced students with Down syndrome of Hamedan City in the academic year 2015-2016. The sample size of the study included 20 slow-paced students with Down syndrome selected as participants via the convenience sampling technique and then were divided into two experimental (10) and control (10) groups. The research instruments were the researcher-made reading tests. The experimental group was trained by 15 half-hour sessions of Functional reading texts, while the control group received no training. To analyze the data, SPSS-21 software and MANCOVA were employed.
Results showed that Instruction Functional reading texts by using Family- centered Individualized Education Program approach has a significant effective on the accuracy, speed and reading comprehension of in Slow paced students with Down syndrome (p With regard to these results, it can be inferred that the Instruction Functional reading texts by using Family- centered Individualized Education Program approach, is an appropriate method for improving reading performance in slow paced students with Down syndrome and it can be used in educational and rehabilitation centers.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of self-monitoring based play therapy on feeding problems in slow paced children. This study was pre-test/post-test control group design. The population of this study included all children with intellectual disability (ages 5-8) that referred to rehabilitation centers and exceptional schools of Ilam city. The sample included 20 children that were selected by Simple Random Sampling from this population and then assigned in two groups of 10 people (experimental group and control group). The experimental group received the self-monitoring based play therapy in 10 sessions. The study data collected by the screening tool of feeding problems (STEP) (Matson and Kuhn, 2001). MANCOVA analysis was used to analysis of data. The results showed efficiency of self-monitoring based play therapy on feeding problems and components of selectivity(P=0.005 & F=10.660), skills (P=0.002 & F=12.598), refusal (P=0.009 & 8.611) and nutrition(P=0.014 & 7.412) was significant in α=0.05 level, but was not efficacy on aspiration risk (P=0.725 & F=0.128). Therefore the self-monitoring based play therapy can be causes decrease feeding problems in children with mild slow paced.

Aim: The aim of study was to investigation of relationship social development with emotional intelligence and mental health in slow pacedstudents. In this correlation study 60 high school slow paced students selected by simple random sampling method from Eslamshahr province. The instruments were Vineland social development scale, Bradberry & Greaves emotional intelligence questionnaire and Goldberg & Hiller general health questionnaire. Data were analyzed by stepwise regression analysis method. The findings showed that emotional intelligence, general health and subscales such as somatic symptoms, anxiety, social dysfunction and depression have a significant relation with social development. These variables predicted 59 percent of variance of social development and anxiety had the most contribution in prediction of social development. The results are due to the importance of emotional intelligence, general health, somatic symptoms, anxiety, social dysfunction and depression variables in predicting social development in slow paced students. Therefore paying attention to the variables such as emotional intelligence and general health have crucial role in predicting social development.

Aim: The purpose of the present research was to investigation of the effectiveness of mental immunization program on general health and aggression in mothers of children with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder.
The present research a quasi-experimental study by pre-test, post-test design with control group. The study population included of mothers of children with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder. Subjects were selected by convenient sampling method. In this study were participated 32 mothers of children with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder. Subjects were divided into two groups by randomly (experimental and control group), each of which was consisted of 16 individuals. Experimental group received mental immunization program in 10 sessions while control group did not. The instrument of present research was general health questionnaire (GHQ-28) and aggression questionnaire. The obtained data were analyzed by using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA).
The findings of this research showed that there was significant decrease in general health and aggression scores mean of experimental group in the post intervention in comparison with control group (P The mental immunization program instructional led to improve the general health and aggression in mothers of children with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder. Therefore, planning for providing of mental immunization program is a particular importance.